Aie brush



0. 0 WOLD. 6

AIR BRUSH.-

(No Model.)

Patented Mar. 3, 1896.

II/IIIIII/II/IA Rue Wan; 6 W0 ZZZ Mina as;

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OLAUS C. WOLD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO HENRY J. TIIAYER ANDCHARLES H. CHANDLER, OF SAME PLACE.

AIR-BRUSH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 555,669, dated March 3,1896. Application filed April 1, 1895. Serial No. 54,0'77. (N0 model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OLAUS C. WVOLD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Air-Brushes, (Case No.1,) of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification.

My invention relates to an air-brush, and its object is to improve thestructural features of an air-brush of the type in which the liquidpaint is drawn out through a central aperture by means of a forced draftof air, the area of the aperture through which the paint passes beingcontrolled by a needle adapted to be moved longitudinally to increase ordecrease the area of an annular passage between the tapering point ofthe needle and a conical seat in which the needle is adapted to fit.

My invention embodies certain improvements whereby the longitudinalmovement of the needle is more readily effected, the construction beingsuch that the needle may be easilyremoved without disassembling theoperating mechanism, has heretofore been necessary.

My invention consists further in an improved valve arrangement wherebythe admission of the forced draft of air is facilitated.

My invention consists further in improvements in the structure of thenozzle of the airbrush whereby the construction is greatly cheapened anda more efficient and certain operation of the brush results.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a detached viewillustrating the manner in which the longitudinal movement of the needlehas heretofore been produced. Fig. 2 is a view illustrating a brushembodying my invention, the needle-operating mechanism and the valvebeing shown in section. Fig. 3 is a detached view of the lever foroperating the needle and the valve. Fig. 4c is a sectional view of thenozzle of the brush. Fig. 5 is a detached view of the guard provided onthe end of the brush. Fig. 6 is a detailed View of the cap. Fig. 7 is adetailed view of the head and the tip adapted to screw into the endthereof, the tip being shown separated from the head.

As heretofore constructed, the needle a has been provided with a slot atthrough which is adapted to pass a lever b, the lever being providedwith a slot 11 through which a pin 19*, carried upon the needle, isadapted to pass. By rocking the lever 1) upon its pivot 19 the needlemay be moved back and forth longitudinally.

The provision of a slot in the needle necessitates the making of aneedle of considerable diameter, while the needle cannot be withdrawnfor the purpose of repair or replacement without the removal of thelever b.

' It is the object of the present invention to associate the levermechanism with the needle in such a manner that the needle maybe readilywithdrawn without the removal of other parts of the mechanism, and,furthermore, to greatly reduce the diameter of the needle.

As shown in Fig. 2, needle to carries a sleeve or collar to adapted tofit in a bearing a in the end of the shell 0. In the end of the shell isscrewed a cylinder 0, provided in its end with a bearing in which theend of the needle is adapted to fit.

lVithin cylinder 0' and surrounding the needle a is provided a coiledspring 0 adapted to act upon the end of sleeve a and press the needleforward. A stem (Z carrying the valve is screwed into the shell 0, thebrass ring (1 being preferably interposed between a shoulder on the stemand the face of the shell and being brazed to both the collar and thesurface of the shell. The upper end of the stem dis provided with a slot(1 The lever e is provided upon its upper end with a button 6', and atits lower end is bifurcated. A pin 6 is provided between the members ofthe bifurcated end adapted to slide in the slot d of the stem cl, theneedle to thus passing between the members of the forked end of lever 6.Upon the shank of lever e is provided a collar or sleeve 8 free to movelongitudinally upon the lever and notched upon its surface to receivethe end of lever f, which is provided with an aperture through which theneedle a is adapted to pass, the lower end of said lever fresting uponthe shoulder provided on the stem (1. By rotating the lever 6 upon thepin 6 as an axis the lever f is moved about its lower end, and pressingagainst the end of sleeve a moves the needle longitudinally against thetension of spring 0 \Vhen the lever e is released, the spring 0 returnsthe needle to its former position. Guides 6 are provided, between whichthe shank of the lever e is adapted to move. A set-screw e is provided,against which the collar e normally rests. Vithin the stem (1 isprovided a valve-stem g carrying at its upper end a pin g, which extendsthrough a hole provided in the stem and rests with its end in contactwith pin 6 carried upon the lever e. The stem 9 is provided with ashoulder g upon which rests a rubber ring or gasket 9 A coiled springencircling the stem g normally presses the ring 9 against the valveseat,the end of the spring resting against a a nut g screwed into the end ofthe stem (1. The nut 9 as shown in the detached view at the right, iscut away at the sides to permit the access of air. When lever e isdepressed, the pin a moving in slot (1 engages the pin g of thevalve-sten1,thus depressing the valvestem and opening the valve topermit the access of the forced draft of air which passes from theinterior of the stem through the aperture (1 into a chamber c*.- Thus bydepressing lever e to a greater or less extent the admission of the airmay be regulated, while by rotating the lever 0 upon its axis the needlea may be moved to regulate the supply of paint, as hereinafterdescribed.

Referring to Figs. 4, 5, G, and 7, the shell 0 carries in its end aninternal thread, into which the end h of the head 71 (shown in Fig. 7)is adapted to be screwed. The head 7L earries an elongated portion ortube [L2, in the end of which is screwed the tip 1', preferably formedof platinum. The tip z'is provided with a conical bore, into which theconical end of the needle a is adapted to fit. By moving the needle (1forward the surface of the needle may be brought into contact with thewalls of the bore, thus sealing the outlet. By moving the needle back toa greater or less extent the annular passage between the neodle and thebore may be adjusted as desired.

The end of the shell is provided with a thread upon which the cap isadapted to be screwed. An annular passage is provided between the tip 1'and the interior wall of the cap for the exit of the air. An annulargroove ha is provided in the end h of the head It, the groovecommunicating by a duct 71 with the air-chamber c. Duets 71, extendthrough the head 72., thus connecting the groove it with the reservoir70 provided between the head It and the cap k. Air thus passes from thechamber 0 through duct 71., groove h and ducts 7L5 into the reservoir75', from whence it passes through an annular outlet between the stemand the end of the cap, the air thus passing in a column surrounding theoutlet for the paint, thus drawing the paint from the paint-receptacle.The paint is placed within the shell and rests upon the partition 0which separates the pain t-receptacle from the air-chamber 0 By theprovision of the reservoir 713', I am enabled to obtain a moresatisfactory operation than can be obtained when a duct of contractedarea connects the air-chamber c with the airoutlet. The air within thechamber 76 forms a cushion and regulates the pressure of the air passingthrough the air-outlet, so that a more uniform supply of air isobtained.

In previous constructions the end of the cap is has extended beyond theend of the tip; but I find that better results are attained when the tipextends beyond the end of the cap, as in the former construction thepaint is spattered against the end of the cap, thus clogging theair-outlet.

In using the brush it sometimes happens that the end of the brush isbrought into eontact with the canvas or paper being operated upon, thecanvas or paper being thus punctured and the needle injured. In order toavoid this, I provide a guard Z upon the end of the cap 7t extending fora distance beyond the extreme position of the needle and of internaldiameter of sufficient magnitude so that the spreading spray will notcome in contact with the guard.

Ilavin g thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination with the needle to of the lever e, situated betweenthe bearing and the working end of said needle, and provided with anaperture or opening through which the needle passes, a pin e providedupon the end of said lever 6, about which the lever may rock, a collar amounted upon the needle,

lever f bearing against said collar, and the longitudinally-movablesleeve e carried upon the lever e against which the end of the lever fis adapted to rest; substantially as described.

2. The combination with the stem or standard cl, of the valve-stem 9provided therein and carrying upon its end pin g, nut 9 serving as abearing for said stem 9 and being cut away at the sides for theadmission of air, spring g and lever a carrying pin 6 adapted when levere is depressed to engage the end of pin g to depress valve-stem g toadmit the air; substantially as described.

The combination with the needle a, of the sleeve a provided thereon andworking in a bearing provided in the end of shell 0, cylinder 0, spring0 lover a, sleeve or collar 0 adapted to move longitudinallythereon,lever f, and valve-stem g, substantially as described.

4:- The combination with the shell 0, carrying the air-chamber c and theair-duct h of the head h screwed into the end thereof and carryinggroove h and ducts 72E, communicating with duct 7%, and the cap 75secured to the end of said shell 0, a reservoir It being pro videdbetween the head it and the cap 7.; for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination with the shell carrying an air-chamber incommunication with the air-supply, of a central paint-outlet, anairoutlet situated about the paint-outlet, and an air-reservoir situatedbetween the air-chamber and the air-outlet, the passage between theair-chamber and the air-outlet being of substantially uniform area,whereby the air is compressed in the air-chamber and acts as a cushionto render the flow of air more uniform; substantially as described.

6. In an air-brush, the combination with a needle, of a tube surroundingthe same, an annular opening for the paint being formed between theneedle and the tube, a second tube surrounding the first, an annularopening for the air being formed between the two tubes, the end of saidfirst-mentioned tube being extended beyond the end of thesecondmentioned tube whereby the annular opening for the paint occupiesa position in advance of the annular opening for the air; substantiallyas described.

7. The combination with the detachable head it secured to the end of theshell and carrying an extended portion or tube h of the tip 11 screwedinto the end of said tube k and the cap 7c secured to the shell andinclosing said head hand tip '5, the end of said tip 6 extending beyondthe end of cap it substantially

